Each ion is 6-coordinate and has a local octahedral geometry. The cell looks the same whether you start with anions or cations on the corners. NaCl is best thought of as a face-centered cubic array of anions with an interpenetrating fcc cation lattice (or vice-versa). The chemical name of table salt is sodium chloride, NaCl. Perhaps the most common ionic compound people come across every day is table salt. (Right) In the crystal structure of sodium chloride, the purple spheres represent sodium cations, and the green spheres represent chloride anions Let’s discuss a few examples of ionic bonding in daily life. Moreover, Ionic compounds tend to form a crystal structure rather than being a molecule. Therefore, the term “ionic bond” is given when the ionic character is large enough to dominate over the polar covalent character. In fact, all ionic compounds have some degree of electron sharing (covalent nature). However, it is important to understand that electrons do not make a complete transfer from one atom or molecule to the other. The interspersing of positive and negative ions allows the ions to come close together until the repulsions balance the attractions. The two ions are then attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. The non-metal atom has a high electronegativity, and therefore, it readily gains electrons to form a negative ion or anion. When ionic bonds form, a metal donates one or more electrons, due to having a low electronegativity, to form a positive ion or cation. Ionic bonding tends to occur between electropositive metals and electronegative non-metals. It is one of the main types of chemical bonding along with covalent bonding and metallic bonding. The bond formed between oppositely charged ions, or two atoms due to a significant difference between their electronegativities, is known as an ionic bond. It is the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons. One of such properties is electronegativity. The type of chemical bond formed depends upon the elements involved and their corresponding properties. Therefore, in simple terms, a chemical bond is known as a mutual attraction between two or more atoms that results in the redistribution of their outermost valance electrons. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. Hence, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. It is a well-established fact that opposite charges attract each other via a simple electromagnetic force. Chemical bonding is a key concept in chemistry to understand how these elements join together to form various compounds. All the matter present in the universe is made up of some combination of 118 elements we see on the periodic table.
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